Summary:

On 17 February 2026, Mauritanian authorities defended the country’s migration and refugee policies amid growing criticism from media and activists portraying Mauritania as systematically violating the human rights of migrants transiting the country.  

Officials highlighted the decline in irregular departures to the Canary Islands in 2025, attributing the decline to efforts on dismantling criminal networks, strengthening maritime surveillance, and intercepting vessels transporting migrants. The government also underscored Mauritania’s role as a host to nearly 300,000 refugees, including approximately 170,000 Malians, stressing the social, economic, and infrastructural pressures on eastern regions such as Hodh El Chargui.  

Cooperation with the European Union and France was presented as part of a long-term strategy to provide resources, strengthen the rule of law, and address root causes of irregular migration through education, employment, and humanitarian programs. 

Outlook: 

Mauritania’s official approach to managing irregular migration reflects a balancing act between border security, humanitarian obligations, and managing regional instability. Security risks have only grown along Mauritania’s southern borders as jihadist activity in the Sahel has disrupted communities and increased the flow of refugees and irregular migrants.  

Sustained EU and bilateral support is likely to remain essential in maintaining operational capacity, countering trafficking networks, and managing refugee flows. However, Mauritania faces the same tensions as other North African states attempting to balance EU demands for results on migration while also complying with EU demands regarding human rights. 

Persistent external criticism and domestic pressures could complicate the government’s ability to implement counter-migration measures effectively, highlighting the need for transparent oversight and continued investment in both enforcement and development programs. 

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